解决IPv6 only 访问Github失败的问题

约 801 字大约 3 分钟

...

2024-05-04

在 IPv6 only 网络环境下，可通过追加 hosts 映射解决 GitHub 访问失败问题。

本文提供三种系统下的命令方式与手动方式，适用于 IPv6 only 环境访问 GitHub 失败的场景。

一、映射内容

以下内容为本文统一使用的 hosts 映射：

# https://danwin1210.de/github-ipv6-proxy.php
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::2 github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::3 api.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::4 codeload.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::6 ghcr.io
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::7 pkg.github.com npm.pkg.github.com maven.pkg.github.com nuget.pkg.github.com rubygems.pkg.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::8 uploads.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::133 objects.githubusercontent.com www.objects.githubusercontent.com release-assets.githubusercontent.com gist.githubusercontent.com repository-images.githubusercontent.com camo.githubusercontent.com private-user-images.githubusercontent.com avatars0.githubusercontent.com avatars1.githubusercontent.com avatars2.githubusercontent.com avatars3.githubusercontent.com cloud.githubusercontent.com desktop.githubusercontent.com support.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::154 support-assets.githubassets.com github.githubassets.com opengraph.githubassets.com github-registry-files.githubusercontent.com github-cloud.githubusercontent.com

二、命令方式（推荐）

Linux

sudo tee -a /etc/hosts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
# https://danwin1210.de/github-ipv6-proxy.php
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::2 github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::3 api.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::4 codeload.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::6 ghcr.io
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::7 pkg.github.com npm.pkg.github.com maven.pkg.github.com nuget.pkg.github.com rubygems.pkg.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::8 uploads.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::133 objects.githubusercontent.com www.objects.githubusercontent.com release-assets.githubusercontent.com gist.githubusercontent.com repository-images.githubusercontent.com camo.githubusercontent.com private-user-images.githubusercontent.com avatars0.githubusercontent.com avatars1.githubusercontent.com avatars2.githubusercontent.com avatars3.githubusercontent.com cloud.githubusercontent.com desktop.githubusercontent.com support.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::154 support-assets.githubassets.com github.githubassets.com opengraph.githubassets.com github-registry-files.githubusercontent.com github-cloud.githubusercontent.com
EOF

macOS

sudo tee -a /etc/hosts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
# https://danwin1210.de/github-ipv6-proxy.php
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::2 github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::3 api.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::4 codeload.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::6 ghcr.io
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::7 pkg.github.com npm.pkg.github.com maven.pkg.github.com nuget.pkg.github.com rubygems.pkg.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::8 uploads.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::133 objects.githubusercontent.com www.objects.githubusercontent.com release-assets.githubusercontent.com gist.githubusercontent.com repository-images.githubusercontent.com camo.githubusercontent.com private-user-images.githubusercontent.com avatars0.githubusercontent.com avatars1.githubusercontent.com avatars2.githubusercontent.com avatars3.githubusercontent.com cloud.githubusercontent.com desktop.githubusercontent.com support.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::154 support-assets.githubassets.com github.githubassets.com opengraph.githubassets.com github-registry-files.githubusercontent.com github-cloud.githubusercontent.com
EOF

# 刷新 DNS 缓存
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache
sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

Windows（PowerShell 管理员）

$hostsPath = "$env:SystemRoot\System32\drivers\etc\hosts"

@"
# https://danwin1210.de/github-ipv6-proxy.php
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::2 github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::3 api.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::4 codeload.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::6 ghcr.io
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::7 pkg.github.com npm.pkg.github.com maven.pkg.github.com nuget.pkg.github.com rubygems.pkg.github.com
2a01:4f8:c010:d56::8 uploads.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::133 objects.githubusercontent.com www.objects.githubusercontent.com release-assets.githubusercontent.com gist.githubusercontent.com repository-images.githubusercontent.com camo.githubusercontent.com private-user-images.githubusercontent.com avatars0.githubusercontent.com avatars1.githubusercontent.com avatars2.githubusercontent.com avatars3.githubusercontent.com cloud.githubusercontent.com desktop.githubusercontent.com support.github.com
2606:50c0:8000::154 support-assets.githubassets.com github.githubassets.com opengraph.githubassets.com github-registry-files.githubusercontent.com github-cloud.githubusercontent.com
"@ | Add-Content -Path $hostsPath

ipconfig /flushdns

三、手动教程

Linux

获取 root 权限：sudo -i。
编辑 hosts 文件：nano /etc/hosts 或 vim /etc/hosts。
把“映射内容”整段追加到文件末尾并保存。
重新测试：curl -I https://github.com。

macOS

打开终端，执行：sudo nano /etc/hosts。
把“映射内容”整段追加到文件末尾并保存。
刷新 DNS：sudo dscacheutil -flushcache && sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder。
重新测试：curl -I https://github.com。

Windows

以管理员身份打开记事本。
打开文件：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts。
把“映射内容”整段追加到文件末尾并保存。
以管理员身份打开 CMD，执行：ipconfig /flushdns。
重新测试：浏览器访问 https://github.com。

四、验证是否生效

Linux / macOS

ping -6 github.com -c 2
curl -I https://github.com

Windows

ping -6 github.com
curl -I https://github.com

五、回滚方法

如果后续网络环境恢复正常，可删除刚追加的 hosts 记录并刷新 DNS。

Linux / macOS

手动编辑 /etc/hosts，删除新增的 GitHub 映射后保存。

Windows

手动编辑 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts，删除新增的 GitHub 映射后保存，再执行：

ipconfig /flushdns